How does the car generator regulator work?

The basic regulation principle of the motor generator regulator

[1] voltage regulation: the output voltage of the generator depends on the number of turns of the generator stator coil, the generator speed and the magnetic field intensity generated by the rotor coil. We can only adjust the magnetic field generated by the rotor coil. The voltage regulator controls the strength of the magnetic field by controlling the current in the rotor coil.

[2] classification: automotive generator regulator regulators are divided into external iron regulators and internal grounding regulators. The source of this definition has not been verified. The essence is that the inner ironclad voltager controls the power supply of the rotor coil, while the outer ironclad voltager controls the ironclad of the rotor coil.

Second, the automobile generator regulator outside the iron regulator schematic diagram

[1] basic circuit of external tie type electronic regulator:

1. The basic circuit is composed of three resistors R1, R2, R3, two audions VT1, VT3 and zener diode VS.

2. Resistors R1 and R2 constitute a voltage divider. The voltage at both ends of voltage divider R1 and R2 is the generator voltage.

3.VT3 is a high-power triode (NPN type) connected in series with the excitation winding of the generator and used as a switch to open and close the excitation circuit of the generator.

4.VT1 is a small power transistor (NPN type) for amplifying control signals.

5. The voltage regulator tube VS is a sensor in series in the basic circuit of VT1, and resistors R1 and R2 are selected to match VS: when the generator output voltage UB reaches the specified regulation value (e.g., when santana is 14V), the voltage on R2 is exactly equal to the reverse breakdown voltage of zener diode VS.

[2] booster process: when the generator voltage is lower than the set value, VS cannot be broken down in reverse, and the triode VT1 has no base current, so VT1 is cut off; The resistor R3 provides the base current for the triode VT3, which, for control, opens the ground end of the rotor coil and turns on the rotor coil current.

[3] step-down process: when the generator voltage reaches the set value, VS can reverse breakdown and provide the base current for the triode VT1, so VT1 conducts; VT1 leads to direct grounding of resistor R3, because there is no base current in triode VT3, triode VT3 is cut off, and the grounding end of the rotor coil is controlled, and the current in the rotor coil is cut off, thus reducing the output voltage of the generator.